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All travellers should visit their doctor at least 6-8 weeks before departure. Please read the disclaimer regarding this information.  MalariaYellow FeverHepatitis ATyphoid feverJapanese encephalitisHepatitis BTuberculosisRabiesRoutine immunisations
Malaria
Limited risk exists throughout the year in rural especially forested and hilly areas, mainly towards the international borders with Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar. No risk in cities and main tourist resorts eg Bangkok, Chiangmai, Chiangrai, Phuket, Pattaya and Ko Samui. For most tourists the risk is low.
Yellow fever
Vaccination certificate is required from travellers over 1 year of age coming from infected areas. Countries and areas within the endemic zone are considered as infected.
Hepatitis A
There is a moderate to high risk of infection. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas of poor or uncertain hygiene, including all developing countries.
Typhoid fever
Disease can occur worldwide. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas of poor or uncertain hygiene, including all developing countries for more then brief periods.
Japanese encephalitis
Seasonal transmission. Vaccination is recommended for those at significant risk for periods of 1 month or more in endemic areas in the Asia-Pacific region.
Hepatitis B
There is a moderate to high risk of infection. Hepatitis B is the most contagious common blood-borne virus. The National Health & Medical Research Council recommends immunisation of all Australian infants, children, adolescents and young adults, long term travellers to regions of high prevalence, and short term travellers who may be at risk. The World Health Organisation recommends the vaccine be considered for virtually all travellers to highly endemic regions.
Tuberculosis
Estimated incidence rate is 100-299 per 100 000. Vaccination is generally recommended for children aged < 5 years who will be living in developing countries for more than 3 months. There is less evidence of the benefit of vaccination in older children although consideration should be given to children aged less than 16 years who may be living for long periods in high-risk countries with an incidence of disease ≥100 per 100 000 population.
Rabies
There have been reports of rabies cases. Immunisation (pre-exposure) is recommended for travellers spending more than 1 month in countries where rabies is endemic, particularly for those living in rural areas and where post-exposure immunisation maybe difficult to obtain. All those working with animals in areas where rabies is endemic should be immunised. All travellers, whether previously immunised or not, should obtain prompt wound care and immunisation after bites, scratches or licks from mammals which break the skin, or occur on wounds or involve the mouth, or eyes or other moist body surfaces.
Routine immunisations
All travellers should be up-to-date with routinely recommended immunisations. For children and adolescents, this includes diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, polio, measles/mumps/rubella, meningococcal C, varicella and pneumococcal vaccines. For older adults this includes influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. All travellers should be immune to diphtheria, tetanus, measles and polio.
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